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Edge
Edges in images are areas with strong intensity contrasts; a jump in intensity from one pixel to the next.
What is an edge?
- A location in the image where is a sudden change in the intensity/colour of pixels.
- A transition between objects or object and background.
The process of edge detection significantly reduces the amount of data and filters out unneeded information, while preserving the important structural properties of an image.
There are many different edge detection methods, the majority of which can be grouped into two categories: Gradient, and Laplacian.
Gradient
An image gradient is a directional change in the intensity or color in the image
Algorithms used to detect gradient
- Robert edge detection
- Sobel Feldman Operators
- Prewitt Operators
Gradients can be calculated in a specific direction
- Normalized X gradient  – change of intensity in x direction
- Normalized Y gradient – change of intensity in y direction
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